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High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes are restricted-use freeway lanes reserved for vehicles with more than a predetermined number of occupants. This paper examines the physics of HOV lanes placed on median lanes, with open access everywhere. HOV lanes can affect the capacity of freeway bottlenecks through both an under-utilization effect and a disruption effect. An under-utilized HOV lane passing through a bottleneck obviously discharges less flow than possible. But lane changes in and out of the HOV lane can also disrupt the flow on the adjacent general purpose (GP) lanes, and reduce their discharge rate as well. Bottleneck capacity reductions arising from the combination of both effects are undesirable because they increase vehicle-hours of travel. This paper shows with systematic simulations that the disruption effect is not noticeable at isolated bottlenecks. If anything, HOV lanes seem to have a …