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Lithium-metal anodes represent a tantalizing horizon for electrochemical energy storage. The viable utilization of Limetal anodes holds promise for affording superior energy densities, accelerated charging, and potentially eliminating the need for manufacturing an anode architecture since the anode can simply be electrodeposited in situ during operation in “anode-free” configurations. However, the high reactivity of Li metal and its propensity to form dendrites represent a grand challenge in energy storage.

All-solid-state batteries have garnered substantial excitement and eye-popping investments worldwide owing to their promise for alleviating lithium dendrite growth. Such devices afford good prospects for performance and safety metrics that will enable electromobility at an unprecedented scale, from bicycles to heavy-duty vehicles and aircraft. Much of the promise of all-solid-state batteries derives from the …