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The effect of microstructure on thermal conductivity was investigated for Mg-4Ce-xAl-0.5Mn (x = 0 to 6 wt pct) alloys produced by gravity casting and high-pressure die casting. The solidification microstructure of the alloys was quantitatively studied using CALculation of PHase Diagrams (CALPHAD) modeling and experimental characterization. The lattice volume of Mg solid solution was measured via X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The results show that the thermal conductivity is influenced mostly by lattice volume, and, to a lesser extent, by intermetallic compounds. Also, thermal conductivity has a strong negative correlation with the concentration of total solute atoms. When the addition of Al is less than 3 wt pct, the thermal conductivity of die casting alloys with higher cooling rate and solute concentration is lower than that of gravity casting alloys. However, their thermal conductivities tend to be equal when …