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The deformation field in large-strain extrusion machining, a constrained chip formation process, is characterized using high-speed imaging and particle image velocimetry. The field is shown to be controllable and narrowly confined, with attributes ranging from conventional deformation processing to severe plastic deformation. Implications for deformation processing of sheets, engineering of microstructures in bulk forms and on machined surfaces, and study of large-strain deformation phenomena in metal alloys are highlighted.