Highlights•Virus-like particles (VLPs) are versatile structuresfor drug-delivery applications.•
Mutations to VLP structural proteins can improve VLP drug delivery.•VLP–cargo loading …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have natural structural antigens similar to those found in viruses,
making them valuable in vaccine immunization. Furthermore, VLPs have demonstrated …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures assemble from viral proteins. Besides widely
used for vaccine development, VLPs have also been explored as nanocarriers for cargo …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanoscale biological structures consisting of viral proteins
assembled in a morphology that mimic the native virion but do not contain the viral genetic …

Conspectus With a plethora of advances in nanotechnology and biotechnology, the
development of natural particle-based drug delivery vectors is a rapidly emerging field; …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are protein-based, nanoscale, self-assembling, cage
architectures, which have relevant applications in biomedicine. They can be used for the …

Most drug therapies distribute the agents throughout the entire body, even though the drugs
are typically only needed at specific tissues. This often limits dosage and causes discomfort …

Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving field focused on fabricating nanoscale objects for
industrial, cosmetic, and therapeutic applications. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self …

Viruses and the recombinant protein cages assembled from their structural proteins, known
as virus‐like particles (VLPs), have gained wide interest as tools in biotechnology and …

New nanocarrier technologies are emerging, and they have great potential for improving
drug delivery, targeting efficiency and bioavailability. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are natural …