Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is a potent
stimulator of the mammalian innate immune system. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway …

Three cell-surface proteins have been recognized as components of the mammalian
signaling receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS): CD14, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is produced by Gram-negative bacteria, is a powerful
activator of innate immune responses. LPS binds to the proteins Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 recognize lipid A, the active moiety of microbial
lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Little is known about mechanisms for LPS recognition by …

The Toll family of receptors senses microbial invasion and activates defense responses. Toll‐
like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a member of the Toll family that senses lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a …

The interactions between sugar-containing molecules from the bacteria cell wall and pattern
recognition receptors (PRR) on the plasma membrane or cytosol of specialized host cells …

Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (ie lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) is one of the most potent
stimulants of the innate immune system, recognized by the TLR4· MD-2 complex. Direct …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate recognition molecules for microbial products, but their
direct interactions with corresponding ligands remain unclarified. LPS, a membrane …

MD-2 is associated with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the cell surface and enables TLR4 to
respond to LPS. We tested whether MD-2 enhances or enables the responses of both TLR2 …

Abstract Lipid A (a hexaacylated 1, 4′ bisphosphate) is a potent immune stimulant for
TLR4/MD-2. Upon lipid A ligation, the TLR4/MD-2 complex dimerizes and initiates signal …