The identification of the bacterial endotoxin receptors for innate immunity, most notably
TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), has sparked great interest in therapeutic manipulation of the …

Early recognition of invading bacteria by the innate immune system has a crucial function in
antibacterial defense by triggering inflammatory responses that prevent the spread of …

The identification of the bacterial endotoxin receptors for innate immunity, most notably the
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), has sparked great interest in therapeutic manipulation of innate …

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is involved in the defense of an organism to microbial
attack. TLR4-induced signaling is involved in infectious diseases, chronic inflammatory …

The interactions between sugar-containing molecules from the bacteria cell wall and pattern
recognition receptors (PRR) on the plasma membrane or cytosol of specialized host cells …

The stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the
release of critical proinflammatory cytokines that are necessary to activate potent immune …

For more than a century, the ability to sense endotoxin (later known also as
lipopolysaccharide; LPS) stood as the archetypal innate immune response: even before the …

Mechanisms of innate immunity are triggered as a result of recognition of evolutionarily
conserved structures of microorganisms, named pathogen-associated molecular patterns …

The innate immune system initiates host defence against invasive microbial pathogens
using specific recognition mechanisms. Here we review the current concepts and the …

Activation of macrophages through TLR4, the receptor for the bacterial endotoxin LPS,
results in a potent inflammatory response aimed at eliminating the invading pathogen …