… In this study, we applied the toroidal, spherocylindrical, ellipsoidal, and combined surfaces
to correct astigmatism to design the aspheric spectacle lenses and to compare the differences…

… ellipsoidal surfaces with astigmatic axes are derived. Based on this, four types of curved
surfaces were designed to correct astigmatism … of clinical treatment for astigmatism correction [1]. …

… ellipse can also be plotted for the TEV distribution, but the vertical component of the TEV
standard deviation is 0.02 D for the cohort shown, too small to appear as an ellipse in the plot. …

… The length of the vertical semidiameter b varies to change the magnitude of astigmatism. …
between the ellipsoidal surfaces with astigmatism and the nonastigmatic subsidiary surfaces. …

… is correction of oblique astigmatism. … ellipse extends from -21.96D to +7.14D in power (see
Figure 5). Outside this region oblique astigmatism can only be minimized for spherical surface …

… The posterior surface of the lenticule was cut initially, followed by the anterior surface that
was … The confidence ellipse for the combined means showed a significant combined error of …

… correction of astigmatism … correcting astigmatic error, power error, and distortion was
reasonably satisfied in strong concave lenses through use of surfaces that were deformed ellipsoids …

… is the difference between the principal powers of a toric surface, … visual acuity with some type
of astigmatism correction. … R determines the rotational orientation of the confidence ellipse. …

… and posterior corneal surfaces; the latter surface is believed to … The treatment of
postkeratoplasty astigmatism is beyond the … For example, in myopic WTR astigmatism, the elliptical …

… correction of astigmatism. Both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces contribute to the
total corneal astigmatism. … deviation ellipse. The centroid (represented by the gray dot and …