Rehabilitation of vulnerable existing structures against earthquakes is essential. Structures
need to be retrofitted for a variety of reasons, such as change of use, structural elements …

The retrofitting of existing buildings to resist the seismic loads is very important to avoid
losing lives or financial disasters. The aim at retrofitting processes is increasing total …

Seismic protection of structures is a need-based concept which is aimed to improve the
performance of any structure under future earthquakes. Earthquakes of varying magnitude …

Most of the buildings are affected during the earthquake, as they are designed IS 456: 2000
for the gravity loading. So, these buildings may not possess strength, ductility and stiffness …

Because of the infrastructure's growing degradation, which is usually accompanied with the
necessity for structural upgrading due to the structure's change in functioning, Retrofitting is …

Recent awareness of a potential seismic event in low to moderate seismicity regions of
Saudi Arabia have led to concerns of safety and vulnerability of reinforced concrete …

The knee bracing steel frame (KBF) is a new kind of energy dissipating frame, which
combines excellent ductility and lateral stiffness. In this framing system, a special form of …

Earthquakes are one of the biggest problems for civil engineering in regions with seismic
activities. Due to earthquakes, great disasters in cities with collapsed structures and human …

Today is the era of economy with the safety of the occupants/user. The past experiences of
the earthquakes and the devastations restrict the designer towards the safety, rather than to …