Exposure to even mild uncontrollable stress impairs the cognitive functioning of the
prefrontal cortex, a brain region critical for insight, judgment, and the inhibition of …

Critical periods of plasticity (CPPs) are defined by developmental intervals wherein neuronal
circuits are most susceptible to environmental influences. The CPP of the prefrontal cortex …

Adolescence is a time of many psychosocial and physiological changes. One such change
is how an individual responds to stressors. Specifically, adolescence is marked by …

Adolescence is a time in development when significant changes occur in affective
neurobiology. These changes provide a prolonged period of plasticity to prepare the …

Puberty and adolescence are major life transitions during which an individual's physiology
and behavior changes from that of a juvenile to that of an adult. Here we review studies …

Repeated exposure to stress during childhood is associated with increased risk for
neuropsychiatric illness, substance use disorders and other behavioral problems in …

There is a large literature showing that stress in adulthood induces the production of stress
hormones leading to a modulation of brain function, which is accomplished, in part, by …

During adolescence the brain shows remarkable changes in both structure and function.
The plasticity exhibited by the brain during this pubertal period may make individuals more …

Increased stress reactivity during adolescence coincides with maturation of cognitive
abilities and development of the prefrontal cortex. Although the effects of early-life, chronic …

Normal adolescent development is often accompanied by transient emotional and
behavioral problems. For most individuals with postpubertal-onset adjustment problems …