Coronaviruses regularly cause outbreaks of zoonotic diseases characterized by severe
pneumonia. The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

The rapid development of multiple vaccines providing strong protection from severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a major achievement …

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical field has been forced to apply the
basic knowledge of immunology with the most up-to-date SARS-CoV-2 findings and …

Understanding the causes of the diverse outcome of COVID-19 pandemic in different
geographical locations is important for the worldwide vaccine implementation and pandemic …

Memory T cells form from the adaptive immune response to historic infections or
vaccinations. Some memory T cells have the potential to recognise unrelated pathogens like …

Adaptive Immune responses generated by SARS-CoV-2 virus in convalescent patients
according to disease severity remain poorly characterized. To this end, we designed a …

Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune
responses and COVID-19 disease severity. We completed a combined examination of all …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a severe acute
respiratory syndrome that is called COVID-19. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include …

The characterization of cell‐mediated and humoral adaptive immune responses to SARS‐
CoV‐2 is fundamental to understand COVID‐19 progression and the development of …

In efforts to synthesize a clear understanding of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2) protective immunity, antibody analysis has been paralleled by T …