As is apparent from the many contributions to this Special Issue of the Journal, the impact of
age on immunity is nefarious, with all manner of dysregulated responses attributed to …

Immunosenescence, describing alterations, including decline of immune responses with
age, is comprised of inappropriate elevations, decreases, and dysregulated immune …

Seasonal influenza is a prevalent and serious annual illness resulting in widespread
morbidity and economic disruption throughout the population; the elderly and …

Influenza remains the single most important cause of excess disability and mortality during
the winter months. In spite of widespread influenza vaccination programs leading to …

Despite widespread influenza vaccination programs, influenza remains a major cause of
morbidity and mortality in older adults. Age-related changes in multiple aspects of the …

Immune system alterations during ageing are complex and pleiotropic, suggestive of
remodelling or altered regulation, rather than simple immune deficiency. The most dramatic …

Adaptive immunity undergoes severe deterioration with age and represents the main
problem in the elderly. However, evidence accumulated over the last decade supports the …

Influenza vaccination is less efficacious in the elderly than in the young. To characterize this
age-related decrease in immune response to influenza vaccination, antibody and cell …

Immunosenescence resulting in decreased ability to control infectious disease contributes to
morbidity and mortality not only in the very elderly, but in all likelihood already from middle …

The function of the immune system declines with age. It is the aim of the present review to
demonstrate that it makes sense to distinguish between primary and secondary alterations …