Exposure to toxic stress accelerates the wear and tear on children's developing bodies and
leaves a lasting mark on adult health. Prior research has focused mainly on children …

During the past decade, important steps have been taken globally to improve the status of
children. Concurrently, significant advances have been made toward understanding how …

This Technical Report was retired November 2021. Advances in fields of inquiry as diverse
as neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, developmental psychology, epidemiology …

Advances in a wide range of biological, behavioral, and social sciences are expanding our
understanding of how early environmental influences (the ecology) and genetic …

EXPOSURE TO ADVERSE Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including abuse, neglect,
household dysfunction, and other early life adversities, have been associated with negative …

Adversity in childhood has effects on mental and physical health, not only in childhood but
across the lifespan. A chief task of our research has been to define the pathways by which …

A consensus in the developmental psychopathology literature is that the experience of early
adversity—particularly the experience of chronic, uncontrollable stress—is a risk factor for a …

Risk research, with its roots in epidemiology, is concerned with the identification of factors
that accentuate or inhibit disease and deficiency states, and the processes that underlie …

Young children who experience toxic stress are at high risk for a number of health outcomes
in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease, cancers, asthma, and depression. The …

An increasing prevalence of early childhood adversity has reached epidemic proportions,
creating a public health crisis. Rather than focusing only on adverse childhood experiences …