Defective antibody production in aging is broadly attributed to immunosenescence.
However, the precise immunological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate an …

Aging results in profound immune dysfunction, resulting in the decline of vaccine
responsiveness previously attributed to irreversible defects in the immune system. In …

By 2050, there will be over 1.6 billion adults aged 65 years and older, making age-related
diseases and conditions a growing public health concern. One of the leading causes of …

Aged animals and humans exhibit a decreased T‐cell activation response although they
also exhibit increased susceptibility to responses to self‐antigens and a loss of self …

The world population is undergoing a rapid expansion of older adults. Aging is associated
with numerous changes that affect all organs and systems, including every component of the …

Aging leads to reduced immunity, especially adaptive responses. A key deficiency is the
poor ability to mount robust antibody response. Although intrinsic alterations in B cells with …

CD4 T cells, and especially T follicular helper cells, are critical for the generation of a robust
humoral response to an infection or vaccination. Importantly, immunosenescence affects …

The immune system exhibits profound age-related changes, collectively termed
immunosenescence. The most visible of these is the decline in protective immunity, which …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of CD4+ T cells, dramatically accumulate with age in
humans and mice and contribute to age-related immune suppression. Recently, we showed …

Throughout life, the T cell system adapts to shifting resources and demands, resulting in a
fundamentally restructured immune system in older individuals. Here we review the cellular …