In human populations, women consistently outlive men, which suggests profound biological
foundations for sex differences in survival. Quantifying whether such sex differences are also …

Sex differences in longevity can provide insights into novel mechanisms of aging, yet they
have been little studied. Surprisingly, sex-specific longevity patterns are best known in wild …

In many long-lived vertebrates (including humans), adult males have shorter lifespans than
adult females, partly as a result of higher annual rates of mortality in males and partly owing …

Sex differences in aging occur in many animal species, and they include sex differences in
lifespan, in the onset and progression of age‐associated decline, and in physiological and …

Why do women live longer than men? Here, we mine rich lodes of demographic data to
reveal that lower female mortality at particular ages is decisive—and that the important ages …

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the copious evidence for the robustness of
women's survival advantage, discusses some of the extant evolutionary and mechanistic …

Evolutionary theory predicts that senescence, a decline in survival rates with age, is the
consequence of stronger selection on alleles that affect fertility or mortality earlier rather than …

Why do the two sexes have different lifespans and rates of aging? Two hypotheses based
on asymmetric inheritance of sex chromosomes (“unguarded X”) or mitochondrial genomes …

In most mammals, both sexes display different survival patterns, often involving faster
senescence in males. Being under intense sexual competition to secure mating …

Sex differences in lifespan exist world-wide, with women outliving men by more than a
decade in some countries. The gender gap is not a uniquely human phenomenon; most …