With increasing age, the ability of the adaptive immune system to respond to vaccines and to
protect from infection declines. In parallel, the production of inflammatory mediators …

In the older adult, the benefits of vaccination to prevent infectious disease are limited, mainly
because of the adaptive immune system's inability to generate protective immunity. The age …

Until the mid-20th century, infectious diseases were the major cause of morbidity and
mortality in humans. Massive vaccination campaigns, antibiotics, antivirals, and advanced …

The most profound consequences of immune senescence with respect to human health are
the increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and decreased vaccine efficacy. Changes …

An age‐related decline in immune functions, referred to as immunosenescence, is partially
responsible for the increased prevalence and severity of infectious diseases, and the low …

Throughout life, the T cell system adapts to shifting resources and demands, resulting in a
fundamentally restructured immune system in older individuals. Here we review the cellular …

It is well established that increasing age is associated with a decreased capacity of the
immune system to mediate effective immune responses to vaccination and invading …

Immunosenescence contributes to a decreased capacity of the immune system to respond
effectively to infections or vaccines in the elderly. The full extent of the biological changes …

The aging immune system demonstrates a reduced capacity to mount a robust immune
response (immunosenescence), thereby increasing the susceptibility to various infectious …

Advancing age is accompanied by profound changes in immune function; some are induced
by the loss of critical niches that support development of naïve cells (eg thymic involution) …