SARS-CoV-2, a member of the coronavirus family, is the causative agent of the COVID-19
pandemic. Currently, there is still an urgent need in developing an efficient therapeutic …

Current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 substantially reduce mortality, but protection against
infection is less effective. Enhancing immunity in the respiratory tract, via mucosal …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led
to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a global health pandemic causing millions of deaths …

The development of COVID-19 vaccines is critical in controlling global health issues under
the COVID-19 pandemic. The subunit vaccines are the safest and most widely used vaccine …

Introduction The innate immune responses of upper airway could further our understanding
toward antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2. We characterize the potential of interferon …

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), triggered by the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) poses an enormous threat to global …

SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the human population necessitating regular booster
immunization for its long-term control. Ideally, vaccines should ideally not only protect …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants
and “anatomical escape” characteristics threaten the effectiveness of current coronavirus …

To develop a vaccine candidate against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we
generated a lentiviral vector (LV) eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the Spike …

The innate immune system is important for initial antiviral response. SARS-CoV-2 can result
in overactivity or suppression of the innate immune system. A dysregulated immune …