The rapid development of multiple vaccines providing strong protection from severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a major achievement …

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in fully vaccinated individuals are considered a
consequence of waning immunity. Serum antibodies represent the most measurable …

Memory B cells play a fundamental role in host defenses against viruses, but to date, their
role has been relatively unsettled in the context of SARS-CoV-2. We report here a …

The development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
vaccines and therapeutics will depend on understanding viral immunity. We studied T cell …

With the recent approval of highly effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines,
functional and lasting immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T
cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces …

Many aspects of SARS-CoV-2 have fully conformed with the principles established by
decades of viral immunology research, ultimately leading to the crowning achievement of …

T-cell immunity is important for recovery from COVID-19 and provides heightened immunity
for re-infection. However, little is known about the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity in …

Most COVID-19 vaccines are designed to elicit immune responses, ideally neutralizing
antibodies (NAbs), against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Several vaccines, including …

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted a global vaccination effort and the development of
numerous COVID-19 vaccines at an unprecedented scale and pace. As a result, current …