… Directional Antennas (DAs 1 ) have proved their efficiency in … in all directions as Omni-directional
Antennas (OAs). DAs provide … paths because of the high antenna gain that improves the …

… The inexpensive omni-directional antenna … The directional antenna with one beam (also
called unidirectional antenna) can focus its radiated energy in a specific direction or beam. …

… In this section, we discuss how the separation metric can help in deploying directional
antenna systems. Here, a site survey of signal strength measurements with directional device is …

… on energy efficiency by means of directional antennas. The author has developed two … -directional
and directional antenna After simulation result shows that directional antenna are …

… lem using practical directional antennas. We consider a wide spectrum of directional antenna
models, including both sectored antennas which have fixed sectors and beamwidth and …

… This work proposes a framework using an array of offthe-shelf directional antennas and a …
in any two different antennas results in a dependency only on the gains of the antennas. By …

… antenna as a directional antenna [13] in order to consider more practical radiation patterns.
We use a narrow directional … ant which maximizes the system capacity. If we use a smaller …

… system for a directional antenna is capable of determining the best orientation to receive the
strongest wireless signal. In the event of two antennas … -orientation of directional antennas in …

… for concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) synthesis to improve the far-field radiation
characteristics using a meta-heuristic optimization technique called ant lion optimization (ALO). …

… Traditional manual tuning of antenna designs is becoming … Ant colony system (ACS) is a
very efficient meta-heuristic that … meander line antennas delivers effective antenna structures. In …