… We used WSNs multipath routing to save energy, improve scalability, and balance load.
Many investigations are being undertaken to increase sensor node energy efficiency and …

… multipath routing for wireless sensor networks based on PSO, which solved the sequence
quadratic programming (SQP) based multipath routing … head election phase in current routing …

… In this paper, zone-based multipath routing algorithms have been introduced to enhance
the efficiency of MANET. Here the network area is divided into several areas so that the energy …

… protocols. This paper surveys the current state-of-the-art of secure multipath routing protocols
in WSNs, classifies the protocols … threat model in the routing procedure and identifies open …

… Hierarchical routing protocols can play an important role to improve the network’s energy …
routing protocol named as Distance and Energy Aware Stable Election Routing Protocol (DE-…

… all create only one optimal route from CH to the BS and this route can be broken … multipath
solutions called Multiparth ARPEES (MARPEES) and Energy Aware Mesh Routing Protocol (…

… In our work, we consider redundancy management of multipath routes, based on energy
values to maximize the system lifetime of a HWSN in the presence of unreliable nodes. Also we …

… and maintain routes between nodes, multi-path routing is a … This paper discusses the
zone-based routing protocol, which … Selection Routing Protocol (ZBLE) is one of the new protocols…

… In this paper, a modified Stable Election Protocol (SEP), which employs a mobile sink, has
been … has better performance than traditional routing algorithms, such as LEACH and SEP. …

… In this paper, we propose a mobile sink based improved stable election protocol with
nonuniform node distribution for WSNs, which selects cluster heads primary based on the fraction …