This paper presents a detailed description of a molecular velocity distribution-based
mesoscopic kinetic approach that enables a better understanding of various nonequilibrium …

The physical characteristics inside shock waves with nonequilibrium molecular motion are
difficult to describe using conventional macroscopic methods. In this paper, nonequilibrium …

A shock wave is a flow phenomenon that needs to be considered in the development of high-
speed aircraft and engines. The traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method …

A shock wave that is characterized by sharp physical gradients always draws the medium
out of equilibrium. In this work, both hydrodynamic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium …

Macroscopic models which distinguish the longitudinal and transverse temperatures can
provide improved descriptions of the microscopic shock structures as revealed by molecular …

In recent times, shock tube flows have been widely employed in many micro-scale devices
in the fields of propulsion technology, micro-heat engines, particle delivery systems, and so …

Shock waves are of great interest in many fields of science and engineering, but the
mechanisms of their formation, maintenance and dissipation are still not well understood …

Micro shock tubes are widely employed in many micro instruments which require high speed
and high temperature flow field. The small flow dimension introduces additional flow physics …

A two-fluid discrete Boltzmann model with a flexible Prandtl number is formulated to study
the shock–bubble interaction (SBI). This paper mainly focuses on the viscous effects on …

A planar shock of initial strength MS= 3.0 was focused to a tiny region in space using a
spherically converging test section. The shock accelerates inside the test section, collides …