All terrestrial organisms have evolved and adapted to thrive under Earth's gravitational force.
Due to the increase of crewed space flights in recent years, it is vital to understand how the …

The microgravity environment experienced during spaceflight severely impaired immune
system, making astronauts vulnerable to various diseases that seriously threaten the health …

Since decades it is known that the activity of cells of the immune system is severely
dysregulated in microgravity, however, the underlying molecular aspects have not been …

As we explore other planetary bodies, astronauts will face unique environmental and
physiological challenges. The human immune system has evolved under Earth's …

The effects of a microgravity environment on the myriad types of immune cells present within
the human body have been assessed both by bench-scale simulation and suborbital …

Although we have sent humans into space for more than 50 years, crucial questions
regarding immune response in space conditions remain unanswered. There are many …

In the process of exploring space, the astronaut's body undergoes a series of physiological
changes. At the level of cellular behavior, microgravity causes significant alterations …

The impact of spaceflight on the immune system has been investigated extensively during
spaceflight missions and in model experiments conducted on Earth. Data suggest that the …

Abstract Space flight is known to induce microgravity-associated immune dysfunction in
humans, non-human primates and rodents. To understand the mechanism underlying these …

Exposure to microgravity causes significant alterations in astronauts' immune systems
during spaceflight; however, it is unknown whether microgravity affects mast cell …