Developing highly efficient routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) is a
challenging task. In order to fulfill multiple routing requirements, such as low packet delay,
high packet delivery rate, and effective adaptation to network topology changes with low
control overhead, and so on, new ways to approximate solutions to the known NP-hard
optimization problem of routing in MANETs have to be investigated. Swarm intelligence (SI)-
inspired algorithms have attracted a lot of attention, because they can offer possible …

ABSTRACT Routing in MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a challenging task because of
the mobile nature of the nodes in a network and topology changes very often and
developing effective routing protocols for MANET is also a highly challenging task. To fulfil
the multiple routing requirements as low control overhead, low packet delay, high packet
delivery rate and adapting effectively to network topology changes and so on, are the issues
which are emerging. Amidst lots of problems which are found to be NP-hard in routing, new …