species using dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as a functional receptor. Here we show the
resistance of ferrets to MERS-CoV infection and inability of ferret DDP4 to bind MERS-CoV.
Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids variable in ferret DPP4 thus revealed the
functional human DPP4 virus binding site. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), a DPP4 binding
protein, competed for virus binding, acting as a natural antagonist for MERS-CoV infection.