Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health issue driven by antibiotic misuse
and overuse in various sectors, leading to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. The
history of AMR dates back to the discovery of penicillin, with the rise of multidrug-resistant
pathogens posing significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. The misuse of
antibiotics in human and animal health, as well as in agriculture, contributes to the spread of
resistance genes, creating a" Silent Pandemic" that could surpass other causes of mortality …