The energy consumption of cellular systems is becoming a matter of grave concern in both
economic and environmental perspectives. Recently, in order to reduce the energy
consumption of base stations (BSs), which takes the largest portion, turning off under-loaded
BSs has been suggested. However, determining the on/off mode of BSs is a non-convex
optimization problem. Also, the problem must be solved in accordance with the time-varying
environment since the transition overhead in the future may outrun the power saving at the …

The energy consumption of cellular systems is becoming a matter of grave concern in both
the economic and environmental perspective. Recently, to reduce the energy consumption
of base stations (BSs), taking the largest portion of network energy consumption, an
approach to turn off the under-loaded BSs has been suggested. However, determining the
on/off mode of BSs is a non-convex optimization problem. Also, the problem must be solved
in accordance with time-varying environment since the transition overhead in the future may …