to fully form AZ31 Mg rivet heads in a mere 0.23 s. Heat and pressure generated through
severe plastic deformation during the process was sufficient to form the Mg rivet head
without the need for a pre-heating operation. Due to preliminary twinning and followed by
dynamic recrystallization, AZ31 Mg grains in the rivet head were refined during RHR, which
enhance the formability of Mg rivets by triggering grain boundary sliding and reducing …