frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based massive multiuser (MU) multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) uplink system. We leverage Bussgang's theorem to develop accurate
models for the distortions caused by nonlinear low-noise amplifiers, local oscillators with
phase noise, and over-sampling finite-resolution analog-to-digital converters. By combining
the individual effects of these hardware models, we obtain a composite model for the BS …