Vehicular-ad hoc networks (VANETs) hold great importance because of their potentials in
road safety improvement, traffic monitoring, and in-vehicle infotainment services. Due to high
mobility, sparse connectivity, road-side obstacles, and shortage of roadside units, the links
between the vehicles are subject to frequent disconnections; consequently, routing is
crucial. Recently, to achieve more efficient routing, reinforcement learning (RL)-based
routing algorithms have been investigated. RL represents a class of artificial intelligence that …

Today, the use of safety solutions in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is a serious
challenge because of novel progress in wireless technologies and the high number of road
accidents. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a momentous element in this system
because they can improve safety and efficiency in ITS. In this network, vehicles act as
moving nodes and work with other nodes within their communication range. Due to high-
dynamic vehicles and their different speeds in this network, links between vehicles are valid …