Primary aldosteronism (PA) has been associated with cardiovascular hypertrophy and
fibrosis, in part independent of the blood pressure level, but deleterious effects on the
kidneys are less clear. Likewise, it remains unknown if the kidney can be diversely involved
in PA caused by aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism
(IHA). Hence, in the Primary Aldosteronism Prevalence in Italy (PAPY) Study, a prospective
survey of newly diagnosed consecutive patients referred to hypertension centers …

Methods: Details of the methods used to diagnose PA for the PAPY study were previously
described [7]. Study subjects were required to have a serum creatinine less than 1.3 mg/dL.
Creatinine clearance was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)
GFR calculators, which is an abbreviated equation that takes into consideration serum
creatinine, age, and race. The computation equation is (mL× min–1m–3)= 186×(serum
creatinine)–1.154×(age)–0.203×(0.742 if female)×(1.210 if black)[8]. UAE was divided into …