The functional integration of external and internal signals forms the basis of information
processing and is essential for higher cognitive functions. This occurs in finely tuned cortical
microcircuits whose functions are balanced at the cellular level by excitatory glutamatergic
pyramidal neurons and inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons.
The balance of excitation and inhibition, from cellular processes to neural network activity, is
characteristically disrupted in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including major …