In the rapidly evolving domain of distributed systems, consensus protocols play a crucial role in maintaining reliability and coordination among distributed components. This paper delves into the significance of these protocols in distributed systems, highlighting their indispensability for ensuring consistency and fault tolerance. The primary aim of this review is to meticulously examine recent studies in this area, focusing on their contributions, methodologies, and recommendations for future research. This comprehensive analysis not only elucidates current trends and practices in consensus protocols but also serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners interested in this vital aspect of distributed computing.