do things work?” and “Why do they work that way?” Scientists use a variety of methodologies
to describe, predict, and explain natural phenomena. These methods are so diverse that it is
difficult to define a unique scientific method, although all scientific methodologies share the
assumption of reproducibility (Hempel and Oppenheim, 1948; Kuhn, 1962; Popper,
1934/1992; Salmon, 1989).