Severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients may exhibit features of systemic hyper-
inflammation designated under the umbrella term of macrophage activation syndrome …

Dear Editor, we read with interest the article by McGonagle et al., which has been recently
published on this Journal [1]. This article highlights the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in …

Background In these first months of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, a
mainstream pathogenetic hypothesis, likely stemming from early clinico-therapeutic …

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 has claimed 2,137,908 lives in more than a year. Some COVID-19
patients experience sudden and rapid deterioration with the onset of fatal cytokine storm …

A subset of patients with severe COVID-19 develop profound inflammation and multi-organ
dysfunction consistent with a “Cytokine Storm Syndrome”(CSS). In this review we compare …

Dysregulation of inflammation is hypothesized to play a crucial role in the severe
complications of COVID-19, with the IL-1/IL-6 pathway being central. Here, we report on the …

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in Wuhan, China,
introduced the third highly pathogenic coronavirus into humans in the 21st century. Scientific …

Background COVID-19, a disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly presents as fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia or …

Objective Infection with the novel coronavirus SARS–CoV‐2 triggers severe illness with high
mortality in a subgroup of patients. Such a critical course of COVID‐19 is thought to be …

Background A subset of patients with COVID-19 develops a hyperinflammatory syndrome
that has similarities with other hyperinflammatory disorders. However, clinical criteria …