Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can be classified into dozens of subtypes based on their
hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. To date, 18 HA subtypes and 11 NA …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a major health threat and a prime example of the
significance of innate immunity. Our understanding of innate immunity to IAV has grown …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are contagious pathogens responsible for severe respiratory
infection in humans and animals worldwide. Upon detection of IAV infection, host immune …

Influenza A viruses (IAV) are highly contagious pathogens causing dreadful losses to human
and animal, around the globe. IAVs first interact with the host through epithelial cells, and the …

Influenza is a contagion that has plagued mankind for many decades, and continues to pose
concerns every year, with millions of infections globally. The frequent mutations and …

Host organisms have developed sophisticated antiviral responses in order to defeat
emerging influenza A viruses (IAVs). At the same time IAVs have evolved immune evasion …

Influenza virus infection is a serious threat to humans and animals, with the potential to
cause severe pneumonia and death. Annual vaccination strategies are a mainstay to …

Influenza viruses cause infectious respiratory disease characterized by fever, myalgia, and
congestion, ranging in severity from mild to life-threating. Although enormous efforts have …

Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality.
Recent findings indicate that T cell immunity is key to limiting severity of disease arising from …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause respiratory illness of varying severity based on the virus
strains, host predisposition and pre-existing immunity. Ultimately, outcome and recovery …