Coronaviruses are non-segmented and single stranded positive-sense RNA (+ ssRNA)
viruses. To date, 06 human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are reported; α-CoVs (HCoVs-NL63 and …

The concept of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related cytokine storm syndrome
(COVID-CSS) emerged early in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

The description of a so-called cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19 has prompted
consideration of anti-cytokine therapies, particularly interleukin-6 antagonists. However …

The COVID-19 outbreak is emerging as a significant public health challenge. Excessive
production of proinflammatory cytokines, also known as cytokine storm, is a severe clinical …

Highlights•Clinical picture generally manifests as “overlap syndrome” and leads to vicious
circle.•Early identification of rising cytokine storm and multilevel course of treatment is …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a deadly respiratory disease caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which has caused a global pandemic since early …

The seventh human coronavirus SARS-CoV2 belongs to the cluster of extremely pathogenic
coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which can cause fatal lower …

COVID-19 disease, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is related to a series of
physiopathological mechanisms that mobilize a wide variety of biomolecules, mainly …

COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The immunopathogenic conditions of the hyperinflammatory …

Hyperinflammation is a key component of severe COVID-19, residing underneath the
cytokine storm umbrella term, associated with poor outcomes. Better understanding of the …