It is well known that patent citations occur disproportionately between patents issued to
inventors living in the same location, which has been taken as evidence of geographically …

This paper reviews recent empirical studies of location and innovation. The objective is to
highlight the questions addressed, approaches adopted, and further issues that remain. The …

We investigate the spatial pattern of patenting by the world's largest multinational
enterprises (MNEs). Based on a summary of the theoretical literature, we expect spatial …

We develop a new distance-based test of localized knowledge spillovers that embeds the
concept of control patents. Using microgeographic data, we identify localization distance for …

The growth of high-technology clusters in the United States suggests the presence of strong
regional agglomeration effects that reflect proximity to universities or other research …

The transmission of knowledge diminishes with physical distance, one factor explaining the
geographic clustering of scientific and industrial activity. The authors investigate how those …

The knowledge production function is a questionable device for identifying the determinants
of commercial patenting. Adapted from firm level analysis, it implicitly assumes that some …

The recent resurgence of growth studies has clearly established that technological progress
and knowledge accumulation are among the most important factors in determining the …

This paper provides an original framework for the interpretation of innovative activity among
European regions according to traditional 'geographical'spillovers and 'relational'spillovers …

We examine the role of social relationships in facilitating knowledge flows by estimating the
flow premium captured by a mobile inventor's previous location. Once an inventor has …