The most salient feature of the spatial economy is the presence of a large variety of
economic agglomerations. Our purpose is to review some of the main explanations for this …

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, we present an alternative model of agglomeration
and trade that displays the main features of the recent economic geography literature while …

We address the fundamental question arising in geographical economics: why do economic
activities agglomerate in a small number of places? The main reasons for the formation of …

Urban agglomerations arise at least in part out of the interaction between economies of
scale in production and market size effects. This paper develops a simple spatial framework …

The field of spatial economics has made enormous progress in theorizing and measuring
agglomeration effects, trade costs, and urbanization. Typical models establish structural …

This paper studies the social desirability of agglomeration, and the efficiency arguments for
policy intervention in a simple, analytically tractable new economic geography model. The …

Peaks and troughs in the spatial distributions of population, employment and wealth are a
universal phenomenon in search of a general theory. Such spatial imbalances have two …

Fundamental problems exist with the classical characterisation of agglomeration economies,
since such definitions do not reflect the various cost issues on which firms may wish to …

Although most existing models of spatial agglomeration rely on the concept of external
economies, this paper demonstrates that pure market processes based on price interactions …

From the 1980s onwards, there has been a renewed interest in economic geography
generally and economic agglomeration particularly. This interest can be ascribed mainly to …