In all countries, across all sectors and in all fields, the percentage of women obtaining
patents is not only less than their male counterparts but it is less than the percentage of …

Growing opportunities for academic scientists to commercialize their science has led to a
new commercial marketplace. Recent evidence suggests that “commercial science” …

BACKGROUND: The National Academies reported in Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling
the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering (2006) that “women are very …

This paper examines faculty participation in university technology transfer using data on
individual researchers from the medical schools of Duke University and Johns Hopkins …

Objective The National Institute of Health (NIH) supports the academic career of scientists
across the United States (US). It promotes and sponsors scientists in conducting wide …

Purpose: To evaluate whether there were differences in acquisition of research grant
support between male and female faculty at eight Harvard Medical School-affiliated …

Background Recent research on academic–industrial research relationships in the life
sciences has examined their frequency, benefits, risks, and evolution from the standpoint of …

A growing stream of the academic literature has investigated the factors that hamper the
participation of women researchers in patenting and commercialization activities; however …

We analyze more than 70 million scientific articles to characterize the gender dynamics of
commercializing science. The double-digit gender gap we report is explained neither by the …

The transfer and subsequent application of academic research results has demonstrable
benefits for health care, researchers, universities, companies, and local economies …