We present two experiments investigating how navigators deal with ambiguous landmark
information when learning unfamiliar routes. In the experiments we presented landmark …

Relatively little is known about how people use the landmarks in their environment to learn
routes. Landmarks are commonly regarded as associative cues—stimuli that enable recall of …

Two experiments investigated how people develop different landmark knowledge at
decision points. Participants learned a route in a virtual city once or five times. One …

Route selection is governed by various strategies which often allow minimizing the required
memory capacity. Previous research showed that navigators primarily remember information …

We used a driving simulator to investigate landmark-based route navigation in young adults.
Previous research has examined how proximal and distal landmarks influence route …

Landmarks are an essential part of human navigation. In most situations, landmarks used for
navigation are available in the environment. However, landmarks can also be set up …

By having subjects drive a virtual taxicab through a computer-rendered town, we examined
how landmark and layout information interact during spatial navigation. Subject-drivers …

Previous research on landmark selection and route learning derived many of its conclusions
from the analysis of memory tasks and verbal route descriptions. We examined the extent to …

In everyday life, navigators often consult a map before they navigate to a destination (eg, a
hotel, a room, etc.). However, not much is known about how humans gain spatial knowledge …

A number of navigational theories state that learning about landmark information should not
interfere with learning about shape information provided by the boundary walls of an …