Route selection is governed by various strategies which often allow minimizing the required
memory capacity. Previous research showed that navigators primarily remember information …

Cognitive map theory assumes that novel environmental information is automatically
incorporated into existing cognitive maps as a function of exploration. Reports of blocking in …

Despite much recent interest, it is unclear which types of landmarks are best suited for
survey knowledge acquisition. Thus, we investigated the accuracy of survey knowledge after …

Current GPS-based mobile navigation assistance systems support wayfinding, but they do
not support learning about the spatial configuration of an environment. The present study …

We describe the development of a computer-generated arena within which one can study
human place learning by asking subjects to locate an invisible target. A series of studies …

Strategies for finding one's way through an unfamiliar environment may be helped by 2D
maps, 3D virtual environments, or other navigation aids. The relative effectiveness of aids …

Previous research shows that travel type influences cognitive mapping processes. However,
little is known about the effect of active versus passive exploration of the built environment …

In this work, three experiments are reported that studied the use and interaction of
navigation strategies both during the learning of a virtual environment and during …

In his seminal 1948 paper, Tolman introduced the notion of cognitive maps in the following
way:" In the course of learning something like a field map of the environment gets …

Experts seem to find routes in complex environments by finding a connection from the
source to a “skeleton” of major paths, then moving within the skeleton to the neighborhood of …