In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and
essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending …

Several inactivated influenza vaccine formulations for systemic administration in man are
currently available for annual (seasonal) immunization: split virus and subunit (either plain …

Background The efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccines is known to be poor in infants and
young children. Methods We studied the effect of the adjuvant MF59, an oil-in-water …

Background This report summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the
“Immunological Assays and Correlates of Protection for Next‐Generation Influenza …

Abstract Background. Influenza A H5N1 viruses pose a significant threat to human health.
Methods. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study in 394 healthy …

Given the important role of adjuvants in prophylactic vaccines, identification and
development of new adjuvants with enhanced efficacy and safety is necessary. The use of …

Highlights•New adjuvants are typically a combination of delivery system and an immune
potentiator.•A deeper understanding of innate immunity has helped the discovery of new …