T cell protective immunity is associated with multifunctional memory cells that produce
several different cytokines. Currently, our understanding of when and how these cells are …

Following infection, T cells differentiate into a heterogeneous population of effector T cells
that can mediate pathogen clearance. A subset of these effector T cells possesses the ability …

Immunological memory is one of the features that define the adaptive immune response: by
generating specific memory cells after infection or vaccination, the host provides itself with a …

Cytokine production by memory T cells is a key mechanism of T cell mediated protection.
However, we have limited understanding of the persistence of cytokine producing T cells …

Immunization in the absence of CD4+ T cell help results in defective CD8+ T cell memory,
deficient recall responses and diminished protective immunity. Here we investigated at what …

The role of CD4 T cells in providing help to CD8 T cells in primary and secondary responses
to infection remains controversial. Using recombinant strains of virus and bacteria …

Immunological memory provides rapid protection to pathogens previously encountered
through infection or vaccination. CD 4 T‐cells play a central role in all adaptive immune …

The protective nature of memory immune responses is attributed largely to terminally
differentiated memory T cells that retain memory of the antigen via the antigen receptor and …

The ability to develop and sustain populations of memory T cells after infection or
immunization is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response and a basis for protective …

How memory CD4 T cells contribute to protection upon pathogen challenge is not fully
understood. Beyond traditional helper functions for CD8 T cell and B cell responses …