CD4+ T cells are central regulators of both humoral and cellular immune responses. There
are many subsets of CD4+ T cells, the most prominent being T‐helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th‐17 …

Recent findings suggest a new paradigm that early inflammatory cytokines promote the
effector T‐cell response while inhibiting the development of CD8+ T‐cell memory. Although …

Central memory CD8+ T cells (Tcm) control systemic secondary infections and can protect
from chronic infection and cancer as a result of their stem-cell-like capacity to expand …

CD8 T cells comprising the memory pool display considerable heterogeneity, with individual
cells differing in phenotype and function. This review will focus on our current understanding …

The generation of effective adaptive T-cell memory is a cardinal feature of the adaptive
immune system. The establishment of protective T-cell immunity requires the differentiation …

Whether tissue microenvironment influences memory CD8 T cell differentiation is unclear.
We demonstrate that virus-specific intraepithelial lymphocytes in gut resemble neither …

The activation and expansion of naïve T cells require costimulatory signals provided by
CD28 and TNF family members. In contrast, for many years it was believed that memory T …

Tissue resident memory (Trm) CD8 T cells represent a newly described memory T cell
population. We have previously characterized a population of Trm cells that persists within …

Memory T cells can persist for extended periods in the absence of antigen, and long-term T
cell immunity is often seen after acute infections. Paradoxically, there have been …

Tissue-resident memory T (T RM) cells serve as vanguards of antimicrobial host defense in
nonlymphoid tissues, particularly at barrier epithelia and in organs with nonrenewable cell …