The tumor microenvironment (TME) polarizes tumor-infiltrating macrophages toward tumor
support. Macrophage-abundant tumors are highly malignant and are the cause of poor …

The prolyl hydroxylase domain/hypoxia-inducible factor (PHD/HIF) pathway has been
implicated in a wide range of immune and inflammatory processes, including in the oxygen …

The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role during cancer development and
progression. The balance between suppressive and cytotoxic responses of the tumor …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute major infiltrates of solid tumors and
express a marker profile that characterizes alternatively activated macrophages (MФs) …

Hypoxia is caused by a cancer-promoting milieu characterized by persistent inflammation.
NF-κB and HIF-1α are critical participants in this transition. Tumor development and …

Recent studies suggested that prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) functions as an important
regulator in vascular inflammation and Streptococcus pneumonia infection. However …

Background Very little is known about the role inflammation and mechanism (s) that enables
the tumor to evade host's anti-tumor immune function during very initial days of tumor …

T cells can inhibit tumor growth, but their function in the tumor microenvironment is often
suppressed. Many solid tumors exhibit abundant macrophage infiltration and low oxygen …

Hypoxia is a common characteristic of many solid tumors that has been associated with
tumor aggressiveness. Limited diffusion of oxygen generates a gradient of oxygen …

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis and high mortality. Hypoxic
microenvironment has also been proved to be an important feature of tumors. Herein, we …