The reason for holding a meeting to discuss biological challenges to vaccines is simple: not
all vaccines work equally well in all settings. This special issue reviews the performance of …

Infectious diseases are reported worldwide, and the emergence of highly mutated antibiotic-
resistant strains is a major concern globally. Developing efficient vaccines is the only way to …

Vaccines have made a major contribution to global health in recent decades but they could
do much more. In November 2011, a Royal Society discussion meeting,'New vaccines for …

The World Health Organization has named vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten threats to
global health in 2019. The reasons why people choose not to vaccinate are complex, but …

Over the past two centuries, vaccines have been critical for the prevention of infectious
diseases and are considered milestones in the medical and public health history. The World …

The health of the planet is one objective of the United Nations' Sustainable Development
Goals. Vaccines can affect not only human health but also planet health by reducing poverty …

Microbial pathogens have developed complex and efficient ways of counteracting and
evading innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. The strategies used by pathogens …

This article lists the vaccines current available for the control of both viral and bacterial
infections. They may be attenuated live or inactivated whole microorganisms, or subunit …

The history of vaccine development has seen many accomplishments, but there are still
many diseases that are difficult to target, and new technologies are being brought to bear on …