Vaccines were initially developed on an empirical basis, relying mostly on attenuation or
inactivation of pathogens. Advances in immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry …

America faced a host of biological threats to health and security at the turn of the twenty-first
century. Between 1990 and 2009, the United States contended with a foreign biological …

The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often
vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of …

Since the establishment of the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 1974, there has
been considerable progress with scaling up access to immunization globally. Currently an …

Despite the tremendous success of the classical “isolate, inactivate, and inject” approach to
vaccine development, new breakthroughs in vaccine research are increasingly reliant on …

Vaccination is regarded as one of the biggest triumphs in the history of medicine. We are
living in the most successful period of vaccine development. The accumulation of …

This minireview is based on the diverse discussions of vaccine development presented
during the GTCBIO Third Annual Conference on Vaccines: All Things Considered (3 to 4 …

Immunization is a cornerstone of public health policy and is demonstrably highly cost-
effective when used to protect child health. Although it could be argued that immunology has …

Vaccination is a principal and highly cost‐effective means of controlling infectious diseases,
providing direct protection against pathogens by conferring long‐lasting immunological …

Vaccinology is defined as the science of vaccines, and historically includes basic science,
immunogens, the host immune response, delivery strategies and technologies …