Sir—The Lancet does not seem to regard ethics approval as necessary for a prospective trial
involving random allocation of patients to different operative conditions for laparoscopic …

With more than 550 000 trial reports on therapeutic interventions in adults available
worldwide in the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, is more research required on …

appointment of new surgical specialty leads, who have a direct relationship with the clinical
trials units (CTUs), ensuring the readiness of mentors for up-and-coming surgeons to guide …

Congenital heart disease is the most common of all birth defects, occurring in about nine per
1000 livebirths globally. 1 The cause of most cases of congenital heart disease is unknown …

In South Africa, most patients using state-funded health care are from an indigent
background, so the striking results of Li Xiang and colleagues' prospective study1 of …

Although infections and malnutrition are being targeted in low-income and middle-income
countries, conditions requiring surgical treatment such as cancer, trauma, congenital …

Anthony Costello and colleagues (April 14, p 1240) 1 call for a funder's forum for research
capacity to bring Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5 back on track. They …

Background An estimated 6% of global infant deaths are attributable to congenital
anomalies, of which 92% occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Some …

Most intermediate-risk and high-risk, but organconfined, prostate cancer is treated by radical
prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy. Over time both have evolved with advances in …

An even greater number have long-term impairment associated with preterm birth,
intrauterine growth restriction, congenital anomalies, and intrapartum or infectious insults …