The chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) has been conjugated site-
specifically to the N-terminus of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) by reaction with …

Recent advances in our understanding of the complex and multifaceted relationships and
interactions between different components of the immune system have enhanced our …

Regulation of inflammation is a crucial component of the immune system in response to
injury and infection. In otherwise healthy individuals, an initial acute inflammatory response …

Dysbiosis is linked to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where
microbial metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mediate the so-called gut …

Recently, we reported on the rational design of novel immunomodulatory peptides.
Administration of these peptides into mice and rats resulted in the upregulation of …

Background. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the pharmacologically active compound of the
immunosuppressive drug mycophenolate mofetil. Dendritic cells (DC) are the key to …

The macrophage is a key cell in the pro-and anti-inflammatory response including that of the
inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in …

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR8 are single-stranded RNA-sensing endosomal pattern
recognition receptors that evolved to defend against viral infections. However, aberrant …

TLRs sense components of microorganisms and are critical host mediators of inflammation
during infection. Different TLR agonists can profoundly alter inflammatory effects of one …

The daily challenge of dodging pathogenic infections is carried out by the two arms of our
immune system: the innate and the adaptive immune system. Innate immune cells, like …