No aspect of US patent law explicitly or implicitly excludes women from patenting their
inventions. Yet among the inventors listed on the thousands of patent applications filed each …

Do stronger intellectual property rights incentivize female participation in innovation? We
provide new evidence on this question using a unique database of artificial intelligence …

For decades, scholarly research focused on what Cole and Zuckerman (1984) referred to as
“the productivity puzzle”–a persistent male advantage in publishing productivity. Since their …

Steering women toward educational paths and careers in fields of invention would seem, in
theory, to be the obvious solution to closing the gap between the number of men and women …

Traditional research on gender differences in productivity focuses on academic scientists,
and rarely investigates outcomes other than publications. We investigate gender disparities …

Explanations of productivity differences between men and women in science tend to focus
on the academic sector and the individual level. This article examines how variation in …

Women inventors are still underrepresented in the world of inventing. For instance, the
proportion of women in patent applications is less than 20%. 1 One challenge of female …

While the percentage of United States (US) utility patents granted to university-based
women as opposed to men has increased over the past several years, this level is still lower …

Traditional research on gender differences in productivity focuses on academic scientists,
and rarely investigates outcomes other than publications. We investigate gender disparities …

" This article examines the patenting activity of women-owned businesses and compares it
with that of men-and equally owned businesses, and businesses where gender of …